The Conflict Between Greece And Persia - 879 Words

The conflict between Greece and Persia is one of great battles, these often discussed military forces in history are so great many films tell their tales. The conflict between these two civilizations great army’s, specifically, their differences in which they were comprised is what will be discussed in this paper. The Greek army utilized many great strengths, as well did Persia, never the less only one was ultimately victorious. The Greek empire contained a fierce military within Sparta. The Spartan military is vastly known as a great reference to being one of the fiercest military forces in history. Some may feel Spartans set as a benchmark standard of the ultimate soldier. What made the Spartan military so successful is in how military life was part of every Spartan citizen. Although tactics for citizen selection was a bit cruel, Spartan parents only kept the fittest child to raise into adulthood. â€Å"Mount Taygetos known euphemistically as The Deposits†(Spartan Military) was a so called dumping ground of babies with deformities. Each male from childhood trains to be the perfect warrior, it is difficult to argue against having a strong mother figure in the child’s life aided his development greatly. â€Å"training of the body as incumbent no less on the female than the male; and in pursuit of the same idea instituted rival contests in running and feats of strength for women as for me n†(Lycurgus 122). The Spartan women carry great respect in the civilization and possessShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between Greece And Persia898 Words   |  4 PagesOnce the conflict between Greece and Persia had ceased in 479 BCE, Athens found themselves following a new leader, an Athenian statesman, Pericles, who had a fervent interest in advancing Athens. 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Herodotus, the historian who first wrote about the Persian Wars, once said, â€Å"Great things are won by great dangers.† All war is dangerous, yet the advancements made afterward help form civilizationsRead MoreThe War Of The Persian Wars Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Wars were one of those unforgettable events that inspired not only our military structure but government as well. The Persian Wars lasted for almost half a decade from 498 BCE to 448 BCE between the Persian Empire, of course, and Greek poleis. The war was centered around expanding the Empire of Persia as it claimed and took over land within battle and then ruling it as one while making a profit from it. Most of what we know about the Persian wars was written by Herodotus, who was born 484 BCERead MoreThe Peloponnesian War: The Great War of the Ancient Greek World796 Words   |  4 PagesIt is one of the mos t studied wars in history. 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The battle of Thermopylae took place in Greece, it started when Darius the king of Persia sent emissaries to Greece asking for land and water as an acceptance to his submission.The Spartans didn’t accept the offer and threw them down a wellRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Vietnam War1284 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, the Fascist government of Nazi Germany oppressed minorities in the name of advancement. The Soviet Union imprisoned millions in their immoral gulags, but justified it in the name fighting crime. Even looking as far back as Ancient Greece, we saw these conflicts. Some of the greatest victories can be attributed to a superior government. And yet, some of the worst acts of immorality have been done in the name of superior government. The great and free country of America, with the world’s most powerfulRead MoreThe Persian War And The Ottoman Empire Of Persia Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesPersian War The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire  of  Persia  (modern day Iran) and  Greek city-states  that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when  Cyrus the Great  conquered the Greek-inhabited region of  Ionia  in 547 BC. Struggling to rule the independent-minded cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed  tyrants  to rule each of them. This would proveRead MoreThe Peloponnesian War And The Athenian War1354 Words   |  6 PagesThe Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C., brought an end to the Golden Age of Athens. 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Slokas Free Essays

string(410) " vibhaki is used to denote the temporal relationship between two successive events so basically it means, even when the world can be conquered by forgivance, what else remains \?\? \?\?\?\?\?\?\? \?\?\?\? \?\?\?\?\?\?\?\? \?\?\?\?\?\?\? \?\?\?\?\?\?\? | \?\?\?\?\?\? \?\? \?\?\?\?\?\?\?\? \?\?\?\?\?\?\? \?\?\?\?\?\?\?\?\? || Laxmi resides at the tip of the hand, sarasvati in the middle, Govinda at the root\." || || This is the ‘un-edited’ collection of Kedar’s postings of pratidinaM subhaashitaM on the sanskrit-digest mailing group archives. If you would like to edit and format these for posting on the sanskrit documents web site, please write to sanskrit@cheerful. com. We will write a custom essay sample on Slokas or any similar topic only for you Order Now | Any good endeavour is begun be a prayer to Ganesh or Saraswati. Hence this second subhhaashita of ASAD’ is dedicated to Saraswati : | || One who is as white as a garland of kunda flowers and waterdrops, who has worn white apparel, whose hand is placed on the stem of the vINA, who is sitting on a white lotus, and who is always worshipped by Gods such as Brahma, Achyuta (Vishnu) and Shankara, that Sarasvati, who completely steals (one’s) lethargy may bless me ||. In this third verse of ASAD, learn three things from the donkey||. ? ? | | (He) carries loads without rest, is not deterred by the heat or cold, is always content these three things should be learnt from the donkey | | This subhaashita is a prayer to Shankara. It has a nice verbal composition | ? || Equipped with a spear(pinAka), snake(phaNi), the crescent of the moon(bAlendu), ashes and the ganga, may this idol composed from the ‘pa v arga’ (the consonants pa, pha, ba, bha, ma) lead us to heaven (apavarga). here is a riddle ) | ? || The apparent meaning : O Lotus eyed, I wish to drink water from you. If you give it to me, I do not want it, but if you dont give it, I shall drink it !!! (which obviously makes no sense||) The solution : the trick is in the word â€Å"dAsyasi† which has been interpreted above as the future tense form of the verb ‘dA’ meaning to give. However it is correctly interpreted as the sandhi dAsi + asi Hence the second line actually means, if you are a dAsi, I dont want it, but if you are not a dAsi I shall drink it. Perhaps this goes back to the times where braAhmins would note accept even water if it was touched by untouchable dAsis|| | || (There are many verses that praise the effects of good company. However this is my favourite among them ) ? | || You cant even notice a hint of a drop of water fallen on hot iron. The same drop shines like a pearl on a lotus leaf. And in the ‘swati’ nakShatra fallen inside a sea shell, it becomes a pearl ||Usually excellent, medium and bad states (of a person) are dependent on company. Again as Marathi speaking people will recognise, this is exactly identical to the following marathi verse : ? ! | || | (I think many people know this verse that praises knowledge) ? ? ? ? ? ? | || It cannot be stolen by thieves, cannot be taken away by the king, cannot be divided among brothers and does not cause a load. If spent, it always multiplies. The wealth of knowledge is the greatest among all wealths. ? ? | || When in combat against each other we are 5 and they are hundred. But when against others, we are a hundred and five ||. (obviously refers to Kauravas and Pandavas. I believe this is supposed to be said by Dharma. ) ? | || The wise man acquires knowldge and wealth as if he is never going to die. And he practices relegion as if he is tightly h eld in his hair by death. Here’s another one I believe accredited to Kalidasa ? | || The birth of one lotus on another has neither been seen nor heard of. Little girl, how is it that on your lotus face there are these two lotuses ? (her eyes) One more subhashitam that starts with â€Å"kamale† | ? | || On the lotus sits Goddess Kamalaa (Laxmi), Hara (Lord Shiva) resides in the Himaalayaas. In the vortex of the churning ocean resides Hari (Lord VishNu), I know this precisely. = Brahma (seated on a lotus) = Vishnu (lotus eyed) = Shiva? (crowned by the enemy of the lotus (moon? )) = the sun (lit. husband of the lotus) = praised = praised ? May Laxmi, whose lotus like feet are praised by the trinity and the sun(? ) make me her lotus (ie, abode) your interpretation of kamalArikirITa is perfect. the moon is the enemy of the lotus because when the moon rises, the lotus closes itself. : = = to carry; = = carrier hence kamalabhRidvAha is the carrier of the carrier of a lotus, which is the cloud or the lord varuna. there is no special reason for using both stuta and nuta ||stuta means praised, and nuta means saluted|| however, the best part is â€Å"karotu me kamalaM† the word ka has many meanings. one among them is â€Å"evil†. â€Å"alaM† means enough. Hence k arotu me kaM alaM means may she end all my evil ||. | || As all the water fallen from the skies goes to the sea, similarly salutations to any God finally reach Keshava. | ? || Reactions to calamities should be considered well in advance. It is no good to start digging a well when the house is on fire ! | | = really = spring = sweet = it should actually be virauti : means cries. = beautiful = cha + Amra (Amra = mango) = petal = (is this correctly transliterated ? ) = intention overall meaning : the sweet crying of the cuckoo in spring has the intention of the â€Å"nikraika† of the beautiful mango petal || This shloka was poorly transliterated||please refer the following transliteration guidelines when transliterating sanskrit into English. This will result in others understanding your shlokas more easily ||and hence responding quicker||. | || What can a wicked person do to someone who has the weapon of fogivance in his hands ? Fire fallen on ground without any grass extinguishes by itself. | : ? | || forgivance is the strength of the weak. forgivance is the ornament of the mighty. f the world is conquered by forgivance, what cannot be accomplished by forgivance ? | : ? | || forgivance is the strength of the weak. forgivance is the ornament of the mighty. if the world is conquered by forgivance, what cannot be accomplished by forgivance ? wrong in the first half of second line of the above verse itself ! Even to get the meaning â€Å"In the world, forgivance has the power of conquering†, the words look odd |||Does â€Å"vashikrute† give th is meaning ? = conquered. vashI+kRi = to conquer = conquered. ShamAvashIkRite loke is a â€Å"sati saptami† usage. it is to be interpreted as yadA lokaH kShamAvashIkRitaH tada (when the world is conquered by forgivance) In the sati saptami usage, the saptami vibhaki is used to denote the temporal relationship between two successive events so basically it means, even when the world can be conquered by forgivance, what else remains | || Laxmi resides at the tip of the hand, sarasvati in the middle, Govinda at the root. You read "Slokas" in category "Papers" Hence one should take â€Å"darshan† of one’s hand in the morning. | || If I rememeber the sloka it is â€Å"karamule tu gouricha† it’s not govondaH. Laxmi resides at the tip of the hand, sarasvati in the middle, Gouri(Parvati) at the root. Hence one should take â€Å"darshan† of one’s hand in the morning. Hi Padma. glad to see you on the list. you are probably right about â€Å"karamUle tu gauri cha† this makes a more consistent subhaashita but sometimes there are more than one versions of a subhaashita in existence with small differences and both of them are â€Å"correct† again, gauri makes a better paaTh than govindaH |||| hanks ! kedar (fwd) Thanks for the sholka. This shoka about Kshama and the line of thinking. and other features that go with it were adopted by Gandhiji for our freedom. There was the other group (jahal) who asked questions like what should be done for the person who is determined to kill you regardless of what you are thinking. Examples were given from the 2nd war and how a cretain group of people was removed by force etc. So the jahals justified their line of thinking. | || If I rememeber the sloka it is â€Å"karamule tu gouricha† it’s not govondaH. Laxmi resides at the tip of the hand, sarasvati in the middle, Gouri(Parvati) at the root. Hence one should take â€Å"darshan† of one’s hand in the morning. Hi Padma. glad to see you on the list. you are probably right about â€Å"karamUle tu gauri cha† this makes a more consistent subhaashita but sometimes there are more than one versions of a subhaashita in existence with small differences and both of them are â€Å"correct† again, gauri makes a better paaTh than govindaH |||| I have come across â€Å"karamulethu govinda† in my child hood. ecently I heard even the other one † karamu lethu gauri cha†. So obviously the subhashitham was subjected to changes as time passed , We cannot argue which is correct as we don’t know the exact source of this work||Let us accept both, as both are having good meanings. | â€Å"At the top of the hand resides Laxmi. | In the middle of the hand resides Sarasvati. | At the bottom of the hand resides Brahma. | In the morning, the sight of the hands | (is auspicious). | â€Å"O goddess with the mantle of oceans. | adorned with the breasts of mountains. | O the consort of Vishnu, salutations to thee! | pardon me for touching thee with my feet. † Note: The above prayers are generally recited as soon as one gets up from the bed. In the first sloka, Laxmi stands for spiritual wealth, Sarasvati for spiritual knowledge and Brahma for spiritual wisdom. According to the Hindu mythology, God Vishnu has two wives, Sri Devi (Laxmi) and Bhoomi Devi (Earth). They are supposed to be residing on His chest. For defiling the Earth with our feet and also with our body fluids, we beseech Her pardon. This concludes the Earth Day specials. | || The crow is black, and the cuckoo is black. What is the difference between the two ? It is when spring arrives that the crow is identified as the crow, and the cuckoo, the cuckoo. | , || Poets say that the heart of a good man is like butter, but that is not correct. The heat (frustration/sorrow/ etc. ) residing in another body does not melt butter, but it does melt the good man. I do not know whether the following two verses were indeed like a sawaal jawaab, but it definitely seems so | || | || The first verse : What is so strange about women tying glass, beads and gold all on one thread ? Even the great thinker paNini tied the dog, the youth and Indra on the same string ||(pun on the word suutra) The second verse : Gautam’s wife was forcibly molested by the youth Indra. (who acted) like a dog. the great thinker pAnini tied the dog, the youth and Indra on the same string ||. I guess I should have clarified. the three words : shvA (dog) yuvA (youth) and maghavA (indra) belong to the same grammatical class ||they are declined identically, and there is a suutra (rule) in Panini’s grammar that ties them together. ||. hence the pun on suutra||. | || The penniless man wishes for a hundred, the onw who has hundred wants a thousand, the one with a thousand , a lakh. The one with a lakh wants to be the king, the king wants to be the emperor, and the emperor wants to be Indra (king of Gods), Indra want’s brahma’s position, brahma shiva’s and shiva viShNu’s |||who has ever been able to kill desire ? | ? ? || Whether the philosophers praise him or criticize, whether lakShmi enters the house or goes away as she wishes, whether death is today itself or after an eon, great men never step a foot away from the path of justice. for marathi readers : | ? || Hi. Padma pointed out a typo I had made. Instead of paJNcha, I had just written paJNa |||The corrected shloka is as follows : | ? || ive mouthed himself(Shiva), and sons the elephant mouth (Ganesh) and the one with six mouths (Kartikeya) ||how would shiva survive if Annapurna (Parvati) was not at home ? | || Himself the great lord, his father in law the king of mountains, his friend the king of wealth, his and his son the lord of the gaNas. even then roaming around begging for food is shiva’s destiny only god’s wish is powerful ||. ? | ? || O cloud, you roar, but do not give water. I, the chatak bird am thirsty. If fatefully the southern winds blow here, where shall you be , where shall I be and where shall it rain ? ! | || O chatak, my friend, listen for a moment with an alert mind. there are many clouds in the sky, not all of them are alike. Some wet the earth by their showers, whereas some just roar. Dont beg pitifully in front of each and every one you come across ! | || The night shall go away and it shall be dawn. The sun will rise and the lotus will smile ! While the bumblebee trapped in the lotus was thinking this, Alas ! an elephant uprooted the lotus ! I believe this is the first piece of verse in Sanskrit ; composed by Valmiki | || O niShaada, you will not come to glory till the end of eternity. or you have killed one from a pair of krauncha birds, enraptured in love. This is the first shloka in Ramayana as Krishna told me some time ago. As the mea ning indicates, Valmiki was inspired to write this shloka when he saw a hunter shooting one of two krauncha birds who were engaged in rati. I believe this is the first piece of verse in Sanskrit ; composed by Valmiki | || O niShaada, you will not come to glory till the end of eternity. for you have killed one from a pair of krauncha birds, enraptured in love. This is the first shloka in Ramayana as Krishna told me some time ago. As the meaning indicates, Valmiki was inspired to write this shloka when he saw a hunter shooting one of two krauncha birds who were engaged in rati. This was one of the first shlokas that I learned in my Sanskrit class in the 5th grade, and all the info below is based on what I learned then. most of the people on this net may already be familiar with the significance of this shloka. ever composed by aadikavi (first poet) vaalmiiki. He was in a peaceful state of mind (either meditating or taking a walk) when this niShaada (hunter) killed the male krauncha (swan? . vaalmiiki got angry with the actions of the hunter and this shloka came out of his mouth. After vaalmiiki emerged out of his rage, he realized that he had gone out of the state of equanimity and cursed the hunter out. It was then that someone else (naarada? ) appeared and told him that he had uttered the first piece of poetry and explained to him that th ere was a second meaning behind the shloka. I don’t remember what the other interpretation of this shloka is except that the hunter is raama and the krauncha(s) are raavaNa and mandodarii, and that raama kills raavaNa. I don’t remember what the second interpretation of the shraapa (curse) is when applied to raama. So this is how the shloka fits into the raamayaNa. ? | || No one knows what will happen to whom tomorrow. So a wise man should do all of tomorrow’s tasks today. ( ||||) tomorrow = day after tomorrow = 2 days after tomorrow = yesterday = day before yesterday = 2 days before yesterday = ? | ? || Inferior men do not start (any endeavor) with the fear of obstructions. Average men , stop an endeavor when they are faced with problems. However. even though they are struck again and again by disaster, superior men never give up an endeavor that they have undertaken. | ? || The lion, even when a cub, attacks jumps upon the cheek of an intoxicated elephant. It is indeed the nature of the courageous : the age of the glorious ones is never relevant. nd for the marathi crowd, here’s a marathi translation : | || â€Å" † | | || a~Nkura means the first sprout. yathA bIjastathA~NkuraH is a very famous proverb. it basically means as you sow, so you reap ||. ? ? | ? ? | || ? ? | ? || As two logs of wood come together in the ocean, and immediately go away from each other, so much alike is mankind ||. and for the marathi people, another translation : this one from the geeta rAmaayana by madgulkar in the song â€Å" . † : . | || One should not steal anything belonging to anyone, should not utter a sensitive sentence, should remember (bow down to) Vishnu’s feet, and thus swim the ocean of life with ease. This ASAD is a small tribute to my sanskrit teacher, Shri Vasant Nanivadekar. He resides in Bombay, and is very well versed with the sanskrit classics as well as conversational sanskrit. He is an active â€Å"kAryakartA† in many sanskrit related projects and activities in Bombay. Above all, along with my mother he is the one who has introduced me to this great world of Sanskrit verse and literature. What follows is his translation of Tennyson’s â€Å"Home they brought her warrior dead† into sanskrit verse. ? ? ? ? | || Home they brought her warrior dead She nor swooned nor uttered cry All her maidens watching said â€Å"She must weep or she will die. † | || Then they praised him soft and low Called him worthy to be loved Truest friend and noblest foe Yet she neither spoke, nor moved. ? Stole a maiden from her place Lightly to the warrior stept Took the face cloth from the face Yet she neit her moved, nor wept. , ! Rose a nurse of nintey years Set his child upon her knee Like summer tempest came her tears â€Å"Sweet my child, I live for thee ! † There were two errors in the first paragraph in my earlier posting. This is the corrected version : ? ? ? ? | || | ? || The man without (love of) literature music or the arts is indeed an animal without a tail or horns. The fact that he survives even without eating grass is indeed a great piece of luck for the other animals. This one is similar to ASAD[32] in meaning : ? ? ? ? ? ? | || Those who do not have learning, perseverence, are not charitable, do not have wisdom, character, good qualities or relegion, are indeed a burden to on the earth in the mortal world, and live as animals in the form of man. | || The teachers who distribute knowledge among the students after getting it from their gurus, and who are storehouses of love and kn owledge, are indeed like God to me. | || peed is the ornament of the horse, the intoxicated state is the ornament of the elephant. Cleverness is the ornament of a woman, and industriousness is the ornament of a man. | || I bow to you, O Sarasvati who is the giver of boons and giver of knowledge. Give me untainted wisdom and be pleased and all endowing (to me) | || In the boundless world of poetry, PrajApati (Brahma) is the only one poet. He changes the universe as and when he thinks best || | ? || The ink may be like a black mountain, the sea may be the inkpot, A branch of the tree of gods (kalpataru / mandAra ||. I believe there are five of them) may be used as a pen, and the whole earth be used as the paper. If even Sharada (Goddess Sarasvati) writes for all the time using all this material, even then, O lord, she will not come to the end of describing your good qualities. | || I haven’t heard this one before, so the following may be off the mark to some extent Giving, return of courtesy, sharing secrets, asking [for one’s welfare? ] eating [with one? ] , feeding, these are six characteristics of love. Need meaning of subhaaShita | || I believe this may be originally in some Purana; it’s in Pancha tantra as well as in UpadeSaamRita of Ruupa Goswami. â€Å"Six symptoms of affection are giving, receiving, explaining in confidence and enquiring, accepting food and feeding. † Henry Groover (Agraahya daasa) | || I haven’t heard this one before, so the following may be off the mark to some extent Giving, return of courtesy, sharing secrets, asking [for one’s welfare? ] eating [with one? ] , feeding, these are six characteristics of love. you are almost right. here is the accurate meaning : gives, takes, tells and asks secrets, eats (from you) and feeds (you) are the six characteristics of love |||(frie ndship would perhaps be more appropriate here ||) | || When the money is gone (become poor), the hunger increases At the time of trouble, the enemities crop up when you are divided (without unity), problems become plenty. I do not know the meaning of â€Å"abhIkShNaM†. The meaning of first line depends upon this word. I think â€Å"samud. hbhada. nti† should be â€Å"samud. hbhava. nti†. Basically, the Subhaashita is trying to tell us that problems crop up only when you are devoid of the solution ! (Murphy’s law ? ) I do not know the meaning of â€Å"abhIkShNaM†. The meaning of first line depends upon this word. Dictionary gives the meaning of abhiikShNam as â€Å"every moment†; it fits here, but is somewhat puzzling. With this meaning, the first pada means When wounded, blows fall every moment [The wounded get hit repeatedly] IF it is abhikShNaM, the first line will not obey the meter of the shloka. besides that everything makes sense. (it is basically a version of † when it rains, it pours † ||. | | One of the let me catch my breath shlokas? Actually this is a fairly famous one. The â€Å"correct† interpretation : Notice that ke and shava have been separated. The word â€Å"ka† means water (among several other meanings). Hence ke means in water. pANDava also means fish; kaurava also means crow. hence the interpretation is : Seeing the cadaver (shava) fallen in water, the fish were overjoyed. ALl the crows however started crying ||† O the cadaver in water !! † | ? || O vaidya (doctor), brother of Yama, I bow do wn to you. Yama only steals away one’s life, but the vaidya steals one’s life as well as money ! ? ? | || Not a horse, not an elephant, and never a tiger. It is the son of a goat that is sacrificed ! God is indeed a betrayer of the weak |||! | ? || The reaction to calamity must be considered before hand. IT is no use to start digging a well after your house is afire !! | ? || Even a single second in life cannot be obtained by alll precious jewels. Hence spending it without purpose is a great mistake. | || = self = satisfaction = poet = poetry = master = doorstep = light = similar = other = favour The poetry of poets is always for their own satisfaction, However, like the light on the porch of the master’s house, it is also beneficial to others. (light from the porch illuminates the inside as well as the outside of a house |||) | || = seeing = twice ( + ) = said = speaking brahmA = eye = two = tongue = created Seeing is given twice as much importance as speaking by Brahma. Man has two eyes, however, only one tongue was created. ? | ? || = effort = to be accomplished = work = wish = asleep = lion + = to enter = mouth = deer/animal Work is accomplished by effort, not by wishing. Deer do not enter the mouth of a sleeping lion. Vivek Khare asked me the meaning of the word â€Å"hi† in the subhAshita : udyamena hi sidhyanti |||| The word hi means nothing. Perhaps it could be interpreted here as an emphasizer, but otherwise, it means literaly nothing. The words cha vai tu and hi are used in sanskrit by poets to fill up the meter. the words cha and tu have meanings, (and and but respectively) but the word vai has no meaning, and the word hi may be interpreted as something that emphasizes a point. In fact I am sure many of you know the famous first attempt by a quack poet : | ? ? || The poet thought up these three lines : O king, (rajendra), get up get up ! uttiShTha) mukhaM praxAlayasva (wash your face ! ) The rooster cries out in the morning (prabhAte roditi kukkuTaH ) the problem was after uttishThottiShTha rAjendra, mukhaM praxAlayasva left one letter less for the eight letter anuShTubh chhanda, and prabhAte roditi kukkuTaH had one letter extra ! so this grandmaster took the â€Å"TaH† from kukkuTaH and placed it at the end of the first line ! And now he had three out of four parts, an d he just coud not think of anything for the last part of the verse hence cha vai tu hi cha vai tu hi !!! | ? || = excellent = too much = speaker = inferior = to speak = gold = sound = bronze + = to be born The great man is rarely somone who talks too much, but the inferior man talks too much. There is no sound from gold as there is from bronze. | , || Meaning: Between ‘Chintaa’ (worry) and ‘Chitaa’ (pyre) the only difference is dot (anuswaara bindu in chintaa, that ‘n’). Pyre burns the dead, while worry burns the living. DON’T WORRY BE HAPPY 🙂 Ganapthi. | || The difference betn â€Å"chintA† and â€Å"chitA† is just a dot. â€Å"PYRE† burns the dead, while â€Å"WORRY† burns the living. | || + = to do a favor = lowly + = to harm = milk / water = snake = only = posion = increase Even a good turn done to a bad man results in evil. Drinking o f milk by snakes is only going to result in increase of their poison. uttamA AtmanA khyAtAH pituH khyAtAshcha madhyamAH | adhaMA mAtulat. khyAtAH shvashurAchhAdhamAdhamAH || : ? | ? || shabdArtha = most superior = famous = father = medium/average = maternal uncle = father in law = inferior = the worst among the inferior The great ones are famous by their own efforts, The average are famous because of their father. The inferior men are famous because of their uncle. and the worst among them are famous because of their father in law. I Thought you may like this subhashitha. .? .? ?. ..? | , || | , ?. || Bhavartha: A scholor even if he is from a backword class, is recognised and respected even in the company of the people who are most beautiful. who have great family background, and even among the gods. | || : ? | ? || shabdArtha = most superior = famous = father = medium/average = maternal uncle = father in law = inferior = the worst among the inferior The great ones are famous by their own efforts, The average are famous because of their father. The inferior men are famous because of their uncle. and the worst among them are famous because of their father in law. I interpreted this in a different way. This shubhashita intends to convey the wealth Most respected weath is the one you earn That you inherit from your father is just OK One you get from your mother is not good And, the one you aquire from wife is the worst I am not sure if that were a different version of this shubhashita | || = effort saahasam. h = adventure = courage buddhiH = knowledge = strength paraakramaH = bravery = six ete = these = where vartante = exist = there devaH = god = helpful God will help provided the six qualities effort, adventure, courage. knowledge, strength and bravery exist. ? | ? || = Sun = Moon = air = fire = sky = earth = water = soul = Lord Yama ? = and = morning = night = both = righteousness = knows = man’s = character Lord Sun, Lord Moon, Lord Vayu (air), Lord Agni (fire), the Sky, mother Earth. the water (Lord Varuna), the soul, Lord Yama, both the Day and the Night. and Dharma (the Righetousness) each one of these will know a man’s character. Every moment, you are being watched atleast by one of the above ! The discussion is with reference to recent Subhashitam posted by Raghavendra the one with UdyamasaahasaM ||||etc|| Hemali Vyas disagreed with the meaning of the two words Dhairyam and Saahasam Ramakrishna from Tokyo disagreed with the Hemali’s comments. Here is my opinion for whatever it is worth. DhairyaM means Dheeratwa bhavaM dhee is buddhi or intellect so in contrast to saahasaM dhairyaM must involve intellectual conviction. So in a way Hemali Vyas is right Raghavendra’s meaning that it is courage is also right It should be courage born of intellectual conviction not emotional outburst. We all know what is right but many a time we do not have the guts to follow what is right we do what we feel (emotional driven) like doing. DhairyaM is the courage to do what is based on right understanding. SaahasaM I will split as sa + a + hasam ( I donot have a dictionary at my computer desk this may be my imagination). has if I remember rightly means to smile or to laugh at with a in front it means opposite to be serious that one to take things seriously not jokingly with prefix sa it could mean samyak that is total or with seriously or daringly jumping into action there is no joking around n that sense SaahasaM should imply serious adventurous pursuit in contrast to DhairyaM saahasaM need not involve intellectual conviction it could be based on just emotional outburst. So there is a possibility of one getting burned if it is not based on sound intellectual judgment. Hence the subhashitaM says one needs both the DhairraM and SaahasaM Just an intellectual curiosity If I have all t he six of them listed why do I need the help of the Deva The truth of the matter is if I have all of them I already have the help of the Deva. Having all the six of them itself is by the grace of Deva too. In Vedanta Shastra, there is a preceding deity for each of the faculties like Indra for Bhuddi etc. Hence having these qualities is a grace of God too! Hari Om! Sadananda What you have is His gift to you and what you do with what you have is your gift to Him. ? ? | || ? = no = Certainly = I am = wish = kingdom = heaven = na + punarbhavam. h = salvation = for grief ridden = for living beings = kaShTam. h, sorrow = destruction, removal â€Å"Certainly I do not wish for kingdom. I do not wish for heaven. I do not even want salvation. My humble wish is for removal of sorrow from all the grief ridden living beings. † King Rantideva asks this wish from the God. This is considered as the one of the great shlokas representing our culture. I heard the story behing this subhaashita from Sri Krishna Shastry during the â€Å"Speak Sanskrit Classes†. Will share with you someday soon. ! (See the sarcasm here) | ? || = goat = fight = sage = post death rituals = in the morning = cloud noise, thundering = of the couple = quarrel ? = and = indeed = in the result ? = no = something Fighting between the goats, post death rituals for the sages, the thundering of clouds in the morning and the quarrel between the couple there is no useful outcome (result) in any one of these : ) [`Sages’ refers to those who have already attained salvation. Hence rituals for them are unnecessary. ] ? | || = minute = minute by minute = grain , bit = bit by bit = knowledge = money = and = accomplish, achieve = abandon, renounce = from where Knowledge should be persued with minute by minute efforts. Money should be earned utilising each and every grain. If you waste time, how can you get knowledge ? If you waste resources, how can you accumulate the wealth ? ? | || = and, even though = covered with gold, full of gold ? = no = for me = appeal = mother = motherland = heaven = grander, higher O Laxmana, even though Lanka is a golden land, it does not appeal to me. One’s mother and motherland are greater than heaven itself. [ Said by Lord Rama upon viewing Lanka ] | || = assistance to others = give fruits (plural) = trees = flow (plural) = rivers = give milk (plural) = cows = this = body Trees give fruits to assist others. Rivers flow to help others. Cows produce milk to feed others. In the same way, our own human body should also be employed for the assistance of others. | || = na + mantram. h, non mantra (mantra = divine poem). = na + xaram. h, imperishable, a letter of the alphabet ? = no = is = root = na + auShadam. h, non medicine = useless = person = co ordinator (one who organizes, plans) = there = difficult to get, scarce There is no letter in the alphabet that cannot be used in divine poems (mantra). There exists no root which cannot be used as a medicine. Likewise, there is no useless person. The scarcity is for the one. who knows how to use them ! | || | || = one = wheel = chariot = charioteer = disabled = odd (as in odd or even) = horse ? + = to attack = only = one who has tej (brilliance) = sun = sky the bhAvArtha He has a chariot with one wheel, a charioteer who is disabled (it is believed that aruNa, the sun’s charioteer was a cripple), and an odd number (i think it is seven) of horses to drive the chariot. Even then the briliant sun always attacks the sky !! So, let me wind up this small series with a subhAshita I wrote. Please excuse me for the mistakes. . | || = honey = pasted with = neem = wooden piece, stem = milk = fed with = snake = one who has taken bath = too = bad person = character, quality ? = No = indeed = leave, discard Honey paste on a bitter neem stem, milk feeding for a poisonous snake and Ganga bath for a bad person none will change their character. The bad qualities do not vanish just by changing outer look. We had to change our inner self. | || | || shabdArtha = also = tree = one that has flowered = one that has a nice fragrance = made fragrant = forest = good son = family = As bhAvArtha Even by one good tree that has flowered and has a nice fragrance, the whole forest is made fragrant, just as a whole fmaily is benefitted by one good son. ? | ? || ? ? | ? || shabdArtha = debt = remainder = fire = enemy = again + = to grow fast = hence = protect / maintain bhAvArtha Any remainder of debt, fire and enemy grow rapidly again and again, hence no remainder should be maintained||(debts should be completely paid of. and fire or enemies should be completely destroyed ) | ? ? || | ? ? || shabdArtha = rise = sun = red = fall (set) = prosperity = calamity = great man = one = form bhAvArtha The sun is red at sunrise and red at sunset : During prosp erity as well as calamity the great men have the same form. | ? ? | ? ? habdArtha = industrious = man = lion + ? = to approach = destiny = contemptible fellow = to speak + = destroy = do = manliness, virility, courage, effort = self strength = effort = done = if = to be accomplished = here = fault bhAvArtha Laxmi goes to the industrious man like a lion. Only contemptible cowards say that destiny should give. Overcome your destiny and excercise your manliness. If there is no accomplishment inspite of effort where is the fault? (If there is no success inspite of e ffort, it is not your fault ) | || | || shabdArtha prefix verb meaning = force = somewhere else ( ) = to take away ( ) = to steal + = to hit ? + = to eat + = to completely destroy + = to roam + = to abandon bhAvArtha The meaning of a verb is forcibly taken elsewhere by a prefix. Just like the meaning of the verb hRi (to steal) is changed by the following prefixes : pra, A, saM, vi, pari |||(meanings given above) | ? || | ? || shabdArtha = these = good man = foreign / other = benefit = component = one’s own purposes + = to sacrifice = those who = common = effort = one who carries = opposition = no opposition = = man = demon = wellbeing + = to destroy = needlessly = who ( , ) to know bhAvArtha These, who are engaged in benefitting others after sacrificing their own purposes are the great men. Those who benefit others without opposing their needs are the common men. Those who destroy others’ well being for doing good to themselves are demons in human form. However those who destroy other peoples’ well being without any cause whatsoever, we do not know who they are ! Here is a marathi equivalent for the above shloka : e to satpuruSha svakArya tyajuni anyArta hI sAdhitI he to madhyama je nijArtha karunI anyAr tha sampAditI he to rAxasa je svakArya viShayI anyArtha vidhva. nsitI je kA vyartha parArthahAni kariti te koNa kI durmatI ? | ? || | ? || shabdArtha = following = daily = trouble = troubled, frustrated = highest, the utmost, most excellent = pity, sympathy = temptation = to cut, cutoff = unreality; the illusion by virtue of which one considers the unreal universe as really existent and distinct from the supreme spirit = come together with = this = extremely = fickle, unstable = mind = (roughly) not easy to control = too much = sorrow = without = to run = immediately bhAvArtha O Rama, I am extremely tormented by the daily struggle of life. O most sympathizing one, cut away the temptation that has come to me with mAyA. This very fickle mind of mine is difficult to control. There is a lot of sorrow without you ! Run to me immediately ! And I am sure the marathi readers will recognize this as the sanskrit version of this verse ! ? ? ? | || It had never happened before , or been heard of before. A golden deer had never been seen before. Inspite of that, Rama desired it : At the time of destruction, one’s judgement goes bonkers ||! | || shabdArtha = golden ( + ? ) = lotus ( one that is born in a lake) + = to create = sculptor = fragrance = capable / skiled/ clever = four = face bhAvArtha The sculptors are there to create golden lotuses. But onlythe four faced one (Brahma) is clever enough to produce fragrance in them ! | || | || shabdArtha = dependent only one onself = end = benefit = the creator = covering = ignorance = especiaaly = one who knows everything = society / company = ornament, asset = silence = someone who is not a scholar bhAvArtha A selfdependent covering of ignorance has been created by the creator with the one intention of benefitting. Especially in the company of the knowledgeable silence is an asset to those who are ignorant. And again, a marathi version : | || | ? || shabdArtha = teacher = service = knowledge = a lot = money = fourth + = to obtain bhAvArtha Knowledge (is acquired) by serving the teacher, or by a lot of money or by (exchange of) knowledge. A fourth (path) is not available | ? || | ? || shabdArtha = to walk ( ) = to stand = one = the wise man + = to examine = other = place = previous = abode, resting place = to leave, sacrifice bhAvArtha The wise man walks with one foot and stands on one foot. (never steps onto a new place without examining it ) Without examining the next place, he does not leave the previous abode. , | | || | || shabdArtha kalpa vRixa : the tree that will give you anything you can imagine = imagined = to produce = kAmadhenu : the cow who can milk out anything you wish = something one has wished for = milks (from duh. h : to milk ) = the gem that gives you anything you can think about = something one has thought about = to give = the good men = company = everything bhAvArtha The kalpavRixa produces only what you can imagine, The kAmadhenu milks only what you want. The chintAmaNi give you only what you have thought about. However good company produces everything. Its benefits are not limited by your thoughts desires or imagination) ? | ? || ? | ? ? || shabdArtha = truth = to speak = dear, nice = false = practice = ancient bhAvArtha One should speak the truth, and say nice things. One should not say things that are true if they are not nice. And nor should one say nice things if they are not true : This is the ancient practice ? | ? || ? | ? || shabdArtha = full = pot = noise = ha lf = pot = noise + ? = to go = really = learned = one who is from a good family = pride = foolish person = to babble = quality = bereft of bhAvArtha A full pot does not make anynoise, however a half full pot really makes noise. A learned respectable person is never vain, but foolish people bereft of any good qualities babble incessantly. | || | || shabdArtha = coconut = form = to look = good man = other = the jujube fruit (â€Å"bora† in marathi) = outside = beautiful bhAvArtha The good men seem to be like coconuts. (Tough on the outside but soft inside). Others are like the jujube fruit, beautiful only on the outside (but sour inside). ? ? | || shabdArtha = happened = previously = news = gold = deer = desire = Rama = destruction = time = inverted, contrary to rule, wrong = intellect, judgement bhAvArtha It had never happened before , or been heard of before. A golden deer had never been seen before. Inspite of that, Rama desired it : At the time of destruction, one’s judgement goes bonkers ||! As KEDAR S NAPHADE said: | || | || â€Å"drishyante api† shabdArtha = coconut = form = to look = be seen = also = good man = other = the jujube fruit (â€Å"bora† in marathi) = outside = beautiful bhAvArtha The good men seem to be like coconuts. (Tough on the outside but soft inside). Others are like the jujube fruit, beautiful only on the outside (but sour inside). The phrase â€Å"drishyante api† means they (coconuts) are also seen. i. e. if you look for them hard enough, you DO find them i. . they are scare to find. In contrast the â€Å"bera† (Hindi) or â€Å"bora† (Marathi) or berry (English) is seen a lot. i. e. good people are like coconuts, hard outside, soft inside and are scarce to find, bad people are like berries, soft outside, hard inside, and are found a lot. This is shlok 93 in HitopadeshaH’s first chapter â€Å"Mitralaabh† Another related shubhashita from HitopadeshaH in the related topic. shloka 100 same chapter is: manasya anyat vachasya anyat karyam anyat duraatmanaam mansya ekam vachasya ekam karmaNya ekam mahaatmanaam i. e the e vil people think something else, say something else and do something else. The great (good) people think, say and do the same thing. Reminds me of a joke I read a long time back. A reporter asked the political figure his secret of success, and the politician replied: â€Å"Well, we think something, say something else, do something else and something else happens!! Beats me!! † :)) ShashiKant Joshi | ! ! shabdArtha = other’s, foreign = food + = to get, obtain = stupid person, idiot = life = pity = to do = rare = birth bhAvArtha You idiot, dont show any pity for your life if you are getting food from someone else (free food). (Go on, stufff yourself ! fall sick ! ) Free food is rare , whereas as far as lives are concerned, you will get one at every birth !! (I am sure all our fellow grad students will strongly agree with this : ) ? | ? || ? | ? || shabdArtha = wicked person = good man + ? = to go to = many = way = to serve = repeatedly = sprayed = milk = ghee = neem = tree = sweetness bhAvArtha A wicked person shall never become good even if served in many ways. A neem tree, even if repeatedly sprayed with milk and ghee shall never become sweet. ? ? ? ? ? | || ? ? ? ? ? ? | || shabdArtha = armlet (bracelet worn on upper arm) + = to decorate = man = garland = moon = radiant = bath = smearing = flower = decorated / ornamented = head = hair (from the head) = language/ gift of speech = refined ( ; ) = to ho ld, carry, bear. = to dimnish = ornament = speech bhAvArtha Armlets do not (really) decorate a person, neither do garlands as radiant as the moon. Nor again, does the act of bathing or smearing, or flowers, or ornamented hair. Bearing a gift of refined speech is the only one thing that really ornaments a man. All other ornaments always diminish the ornament of speech is the (only) ornament (that counts). : | || | || shabdArtha = what ? = apparel / clothes ? + = to think = important = appropriateness = yellow = cloth = gave (from dA : to give) = one’s own = daughter ( ) = directions + = to see = sea bhAvArtha One should indeed ponder upon the question, â€Å"What’s in one’s apparel ? â€Å". Apparel is indeed important for appropriateness. After looking at the one dressed in a rich yellow cloth (vishnu), the sea gave him his daughter (laxmi) and looking at the one dressedin nothing, (Shiva) the sea gave poison ! (halAhala) | || ? | ? || shabdArtha = qualities = greatness = to go = tall = seat = palace = tip, peak = crow = eagle bhAvArtha One achieves greatness because of one’s qualities, not because of a high position. Even is placed at the top of the palace. a crow does not become an eagle | || | || habdArtha = food = dwelling = wife = mine = one who does = time = wolf = man = goat â€Å"The food is mine, the dwelling is mine, the wife is mine† : The wolf of time kills the man in the form of a goat who is always doing may may ! (mine ! mine ! ) ? . For the lion, nobody need place him on the throne by performing certain ‘samskAras. ‘ By the power of his self won might alone, he has become the lord of the animal kingdom. This position has come naturally to the lion. The poet, through the example of the lion’s might and natural abilities. is simply giving us a simile to paint a picture of the great qualities of great people (mahApurushAs). They too, by their own strength, carry themselves forward. These people need no intermediaries to make their case. | || | || shabdArtha = small, little = work = one who does = man = a lot = one who talks = autumn = cloud = really = to roar = only Those men who talk too much are ones who do little work. THey are the clouds of autumn; they really only roar. (but do not give any rain) ? | || ? ? | || shabdArtha = gone = sorrow = should be done = future = to think / to worry = present = to operate (causal from vart. h) = wise One should not be sorrowful about what is past, nor should one worry too much about the future. The wise men operate by the present times. | ? || | ? ? || shabdArtha = mind = confusion = liqour = drinking = sin = practise / observance + ? = to approach = misfortune = foolish man = to go = hence = should be drunk How to cite Slokas, Papers

Effects of Music on Society free essay sample

â€Å"Music is an important and extremely useful tool in the way we learn and to deny its power is a waste of a truly wonderful resource† (Kristian David Olson). Though some would look at music as a small footnote in the progression of humanity, it is in fact a much greater force; for some, it defines their very existence. The fact is, music is a driving force in society; it has been present since the dawn of man. The average person spends several hours a day listening to music, whether they see it as a main activity or just as something to take up space in the background. It is not surprising, then, that music has a great effect on how humans think and act, possibly even affecting intelligence. Several studies have been conducted on this theory; though some results are questionable, the consensus view seems to be that music has the capacity for both positive and negative effects. As a background activity, listening to music has been shown to positively affect mood, productivity, and even intelligence. As stated on the Reverse Spins website: â€Å"simply listening to music in the background while doing an arduous task can make it seem much easier, or in some cases [†¦] ease the strain of an activity† (Olson). Whether it is merely a distraction from the stress of a situation or genuinely lifts the mood of the listener, music has been shown in several studies to increase productivity in this manner. In both cases, the listener often finishes the activity in a shorter period of time and with less residual stress. If implemented into the classroom or workplace, this effect could improve test scores nationwide and increase productivity of the working class. Besides improving mood, listening to music has even been shown to encourage intellectual growth, particularly among children. It has been widely observed that â€Å"children, teens, and even babies potentially benefit from listening to music, as music can be a stimulant to intellectual and cognitive development† (â€Å"Psychology of Music†). It is a possibility that this intellectual growth may sprout from the extra motivation that music grants (as mentioned earlier), providing room for further exploration and growth. It is also possible that the mental activity of memorization and counting beats may spur brain development; however, these effects would be minimal in the average listener. Whatever the actual causes of this effect, it seems that a more productive and intelligent society may develop within a musical environment. Though the effects of merely listening to music are somewhat significant, the effects of musical education are even greater. Many experts agree that â€Å"with music lessons, because there are so many different facets involved, such as memorizing, expressing emotion, and learning about musical interval and chords, the multidimensional nature of the experience may be motivating to the IQ effect† (â€Å"Effect of Music on Children’s Intelligence†). A child taking music lessons greatly improves their comprehension of proportional math, which is of great importance in higher level mathematics. Besides the more obvious mathematical effect, the child will explore the lyrical rhythm and content of the music; understanding the vocabulary and rhythm of the musical language may allow them to improve both their reading and writing skills. So, in effect, an education in music will aid the child in what are considered by many to be the two most important and fundamental area s of study. On this same note, concerning failing students, music education has been shown to pull children from even the greatest depths of academic failure. As Olson says, â€Å"music can be one of the most influential factors in getting at-risk students motivated† (Olson). With a step outside of the normal, standardized educational system, the failing student may be able to see music as inspiration to do well in other areas of life. Through music, the student may now be able to express thought and emotion, make bonds with other musicians, and feel the need for self improvement. With these types of changes, the student will seek improvement both consciously and unconsciously in the classroom and in other areas of life. Through the observations and in-depth studies presented, it seems that the implementation of music education into the school system could solve many of the problems that test preparation classes and overbearing focus on core areas of education can not. Despite the advantages music may offer to students, there is a possibility that music may also have negative effects upon impressionable young minds. The Suite 101 website, exploring both the positive and negative effects music can have, had this to say: â€Å"Certain types of music or more specifically, [music with] violent lyrics, are believed to have a negative impact on adolescents† (â€Å"Effects of Music on Children and Adolescents†). With the experience of music being so close to the human psyche, the listener naturally experiences both emotional highs and lows. While most would feel nothing more than a relieving cathartic effect, in some cases troubled adolescents have been pushed over the edge while listening to music, or encouraged in their self-destructive habits. Many documented suicides have taken place while music played in the background, and there is some speculation that extended listening could lead to anti-social behavior. However, cases of this are few and far between; often it seems that the subject was previously troubled, before music could have been pinned as the primary cause. In other words, music is not really the cause of the problem, though it clearly affects the mind and actions of the troubled adolescent. Furthermore, sexual promiscuity and excessive profanity in modern music (hip hop is specifically mentioned) have also been said to affect the young psyche. Again quoting from the Suite 101 website: â€Å"Sexually explicit lyrics and mounds of profanity exuberate through certain hip hop songs [which] can have a negative effect on the thoughts and feelings of adolescents† (â€Å"Effects of Music on Children and Adolescents†). Though there is no well publicized study as to the truth of this theory, mere observation might be evidence enough. To the casual observer, it may seem clear that both music and society as a whole have become more promiscuous as time passes. The prominent theory is that the explici t nature of some modern music has desensitized today’s youth to immoral thoughts and actions. Though not studied extensively, there is clearly a correlation between the subject matter of music and the actions of the listener; therefore, this theory cannot be entirely dismissed. Using the resources provided and careful observation, it is clear that music is a powerful force in human society. Listening to certain music has been shown to improve mood, increase productivity, and even encourage intellectual growth, while music education can have an even greater effect. On the negative side, there are also correlations between promiscuous or violent music and destructive behavior; though some of these correlations can be attributed to a previously troubled youth, others are not so easy to dismiss. However wonderful or terrible it may be, music is a cornerstone of human culture; it is a learning tool, a method of communication, and, for some, a way of life. As such, it should be treated with respect. Works Cited Kelley, Tasha. â€Å"Effects of Music on Children and Adolescents.† Suite 101. 4 Feb 2011. http://www.suite101.com/ â€Å"Music Psychology† Win Mental Health. 4 Feb 2011. http://www.winmentalhealth.com/ Olson, Kristen David. â€Å"The Effects of Music on the Mind.† Reverse Spins. 4 Feb 2011. http://www.reversespins.com/ â€Å"The Effect of Music on Children’s Intelligence.† Raise Smart Kid. 4 Feb 2011. http://www.raisesmartkid.com/

Orwells Predictions

Orwell noticed that people started to violate the English language too much. In 1946 he already listed several main violations that people make. Today nothing has changed and people continue violating language, trying to make it more fashionable. And this is happening everywhere and constantly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Orwell’s Predictions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, I only looked into The New York Times issued on May, 18, 2010 and I found the article which can illustrate Orwell’s statement. The article was written by Michael Kimmelman, and it deals with the new fashion to collect art items connected with the times of the II World War, Nazi and Hitler. This article is full of foreign phrases and long words. For example, Kimmelman uses such words and phrases as: â€Å"megomaniacally†, â€Å"underappreciation†, â€Å"jolting us from our historical amnesia† , â€Å"a mesmerizing and mysterious stash†, â€Å"virtual museum-in-waiting†, â€Å"nightly soliloquies†, â€Å"one man’s private memento†. To my mind, the author uses such words and phrases to draw attention to his article. He tries to be fashionable and to show that he knows some smart words as â€Å"amnesia†. Some of these words don’t even exist, for example, â€Å"megomaniacally†, â€Å"underappreciation†. The author invents new words, which as he thinks, are beautiful and smart. I think Kimmelman uses such words as â€Å"soliloquies†, â€Å"memento† and â€Å"amnesia† to seem an educated person. All these words violate Orwell’s’ statements about language. Kimmelman tries to complicate his article, to use as many â€Å"smart† words as possible. The whole article is quite difficult to read. There are so many long, foreign difficult and new words. Sometimes you even loose the content of the article. All these words â€Å"hide† the meaning of the article. I even think that the author had some words in a sheet of paper and his task was to use all those words in the article. I mean, that really the author could reveal the same idea and the same sentence using few simple words. And, I believe, it would be better. This article illustrates the main points of Orwell’s essay. For example, instead of using simple short words the author chooses long and smart words and phrases. The author doesn’t follow one of the Orwell’s points, which says â€Å"if it’s possible to contract words and sentences do it†. And, of course, this article illustrates vividly Orwell’s statement about the meaningless writings, since here the author uses words for attraction and ornamenting one’s writing rather than revealing some meaning. However, Kimmelman doesn’t violate another Orwell’s rule which doesn’t reco mmend using â€Å"dying† metaphors. The author doesn’t use any of such metaphors; though, sometimes he uses set phrases, instead of single words. Thus, the major default of this article, in accordance with Orwell, is the use of foreign, smart or non-existing words and phrases. This small article shows that today people try to violate the language as well. Scientists, writers, poets, politicians and journalists try to create new metaphors, even new words. Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More But they only litter their own language. For example, Kimmelman could tell the same story in more simple words. But he didn’t do it. I think he tries to invent something new in his article, because he thinks it can attract people, it can make people read the article, buy the newspaper. Orwell was right saying that â€Å"thoughts corrupted language† and â€Å"langu age corrupted thoughts†. This process is continuing now. Such authors, like Kimmelman are more concerned about the form, rather than content. And very soon there will be no content in their minds, there will be only numerous smart words and phrases. This essay on Orwell’s Predictions was written and submitted by user Jane B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The impact of Boo Radley in To Kill A Mockingbird essays

The impact of Boo Radley in To Kill A Mockingbird essays In novels, sometimes characters that are not seen or heard from much in the story play a very large part. They impact every aspect of the novel including plot, characters and theme. Characters like this do not really have any speaking parts or have any real physical contact with the main characters. Harper Lees novel To Kill A Mockingbird has a character like this. He is mentioned often but is only actually spoken with and seen by the main characters once. His name is Boo Radley. Boo Radley is very significant to this novel, he greatly impacts the plot, character, and theme of To Kill A Mockingbird. Although Boo Radley does not meet many characters during the course of the story, his influence on them is very great. Because of Boo, Scout learns many important lessons. She realizes that you should not be afraid of someone before you get to know them. She hears a lot of gossip about Boo Radley, and even though he is described as creepy and horrid, when she finally meets him she is not afraid. It is because of Boo that she understands the lesson that her father tried to teach her. When she takes Boo home she thinks: Atticus was right. One time he said that you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough. (Pg. 297) She sees the world through Boos eyes and learns to appreciate what others go through. Atticus is effected by Boo when he rediscovers the compassion and thoughtfulness displayed by Boo when he looks out for his children during the fire and after the pageant. He is reminded of the moc kingbird lesson he then passes on to Scout. This influences his decision to defend Tom Robinson. Jem becomes wiser because of the lessons he learns with help from Boo, even though they do not actually meet. Jem is made aware of the discrimination around him and how cruel people are to each other. He vie...

Addiction and Addictions Essay Example for Free

Addiction and Addictions Essay ? There are many factors that are damaging today’s society. Addictions are a fast growing concern, it has branched off and caused many problems whether it be related to drugs, alcohol, gambling, sex, Internet, or eating. Addictions are something society faces everyday. Although there are many reasons behind why addiction are growing, and where they stemmed from, today’s society has focused primarily on how someone with an addictions problem can seek help. Also the many Gaps and Barriers around addictions are enabling people who wish to seek help from receiving it. The increasing amounts of people with drug or alcohol addictions has increased vastly over the years especially among young teens who are still yet to be of age to buy alcohol. With addictions being a commonly known problem in society, there should be more awareness put out to people on how to help those with an addiction or more services that are equally accessible for those who wish to seek help on their addictions. Even though drugs and alcohol is widely known as bad in society, people continue to abuse it. Once on has chosen to abuse drugs or alcohol continuously they lose the ability to say â€Å"no† to another drink or † no† to another puff of weed. Soon the person will continuously think about drinking or using drugs, and cannot wait to abuse either substance again. Generally there are two components that stem from drug addiction: physical and psychological dependencies. Physical dependency occurs when a drug has been used habitually and the body has become immune to its effects. Where as psychological dependency occurs where a drug as been used immensely and the mind has become dependant and the mind begins to become emotionally reliant on the effects. Either to feel pleasure or to relieve pain, then the mind does not feel capable of functioning without the drug. Internet addictions not only include an over excessive amount of chat room participation, but it does not help their social or financial well being. Dysfunctional use of the Internet by children as well as adults can result in diminished participation in the family. Over thirty percent of Canada’s population has reported that they use the Internet to escape from everyday life or problems. Either by finding someone else on chat rooms with the same problems or just playing games or â€Å"surfing† the web. Gambling has many traumatic effects in a person’s life if it is abused the wrong way. It can cause people to loose their family; can put a person into bankruptcy, fraud, domestic abuse, theft or even homelessness. Pathological gamblers tend to be under the age of thirty. Six percent of gamblers in Canada commit suicide. The government profit from gambling in Canada is thirteen billion nationally. In Canada 340,000 people have a modern or severe case of a gambling addiction. Food addictions affect mostly a person’s health. Food addictions lead mostly to eating disorders, such as: obesity, diabetes, bulimia and food allergies. An eating addiction is signaled the same way in our brains as an alcohol addiction. Recent studies on rats have proven that eating triggers a pleasure receptor in our brain. Ten percent of people with anorexia or bulimia are male. Eight percent of children in Canada are obese, and twenty three percent are adults. The majority of agencies have no costs, no referrals, are wheelchair accessible and have age limited restrictions. The new internet addiction has left a gap in services, simply because it went so long before it was † discovered†, agencies are just now figuring out ways to support this  addiction. This makes it hard for someone with an Internet addiction to seek help due to the lack of support out there for the general public to use. The majority of services are available from ages thirteen plus. Which limits â€Å"teens† under the age of thirteen with addiction problems help. With today’s society having an increasing amount of children drinking, this set’s a bit of a barrier. Since there are no programs offered for children of a young age who have already begun drinking to seek help it allows the problem to grow instead of getting to it when it is still fresh and not yet a full-blown addiction. Although many services do not offer help to those who are disabled. Addiction services are generally offered only in English, which poses a problem for those who have immigrated to Canada or simply have grown up speaking a different language. The hours for addiction centers is limited, unless it is a housing service, most programs run on the nine to five clock, enabling those who seek help after hours from getting the service that is required by them. This shelter is for men going through withdrawals from drugs or alcohol. They offer a short-term residence. Also give information and education sessions for men in a safe environment. Also provide one on one counseling for individuals in purpose of defining specific needs and how to treat them. They take in men who are inebriated, who are going through withdrawals or that are at high risk of falling into old patterns. Service for this center in 7 days a week 24 hours a day, there is no fee; admission is immediate accordingly to bed availability. Mental Health and Addictions Services in Grey Bruce This program also known as DART (drug and alcohol registry of treatment) is helpful for people with addictions or mental health problems locate treatment options. It also links local communities with assessment and referral programs for themselves or people that they know. CAMH Center For Addictions and Mental Health The largest organization for addictions and mental health in Canada. Its provides research, broad-based education offerings, clinical services and health promotion activities. They provide information on the best services around, their facilities allow you to locate research resource materials, and contribute to addictions and mental health system planning. They are open Monday to Friday 8:30- 4:30, they are only partially accessible, and only provide services in English. This facilities helps youth with drug or alcohol based addictions. They work with clients one on one with any problems they are having. This is a private organization, and the program is only offered through referral. The program allows you to come and go as pleased, unless you are an involuntary client. The councilors help take you through the steps that got you to where you are and also the choices that you made to get you there. Located on downtown Hamilton. The hours are 8:00am to 6:00 pm. Appointments are to be made no walk inn’s are allowed. Throughout this report, there have been examples of all types of addictions. Showing how increasingly they are on the rise, and that day-to-day a new  addiction is born. Without services being available to the new born addictions they continuously grow and there is no way to receive help for them. The amount of young teens becoming addicted to things such as drugs or alcohol has grown increasingly and services are yet to be prepared for that situation. Many of the gaps and barriers within these programs or services are what prevent people from seeking the help they need and deserve. It has been proven that not only are addictions physical they are majority psychological and require a great deal of acknowledgement from family, friends, support groups, and government funded programs, so that people can acquire the amount of treatment necessary. With language and hours of availability being a barrier many people with problems are not getting the help they deserve, Canada needs to broaden its’ options when it comes to addiction programs, allowing twenty-four hour services for people with serious or mild conditions. If the programs continue to enable people from receiving help the amount of people with addictions will continue to increase. Being aware of the problem is the first step to solving one. Addiction and Addictions. (2016, Jul 25).

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research proposal - Essay Example Since obesity will be dealt as more of a social issue, thus the social definition of the concept will be defined, however to get a more concrete definition indicators of obesity for instance, the Body Mass Index (BMI) will also be explored. Also, the life style issues which owe much to obesity for instance the intake of junk food, less exercise etc will be discussed and the side effects of obesity in context to the social life as well as health hazard relevant to these social aspects will be discussed in detailed. Also, the entire discussion will be based on the context of the American Society in general to identify how the society contributes in enhancing the issue. My paper intends on pointing out the societal indicators after thorough study to explore how the society we live in contributes in inducing obesity in individuals which is why the issue is increasing day by day, thus people need to be aware of these factors to eliminate the effects and causes. The information revealed in this people will be of value to the general public and the mass audience as the endemic can affect any of the individuals as they are part of the society. Areas to be Investigated Some of the perspectives which will be explored in this paper include; 1. What comprises the concept of obesity? 2. ... 8. How can one deal with obesity to minimize its side effects? 9. What are some of the lifestyle changes that can lead towards a healthy lifestyle? 10. How can the cause and effect relationship between variables related to obesity be seen in the context of the society? Thus, my study will deal with the cause and effects of obesity in the context of the life styles of the individuals being examined and the societal factors contributing in the increase of the endemic. Methods of Research My study will be based on the archival sources present on obesity. For this reason, both online papers, journals, reports etc will be studied, and alongside, other documents like newspapers, books, hardcopies of thesis and journals etc will be analyzed to come up with unbiased and a generic conclusion regarding the study. For this reason, the nearby library sources will be utilized, and the online sources which can be accessed for this purpose. While I searched online for the various sources on obesity to continue my study, millions of results showed up, however, my research questions helped me narrow down my focus, based on which I have specified about 11 sources which will thoroughly be analyzed for this purpose. Moreover, the gaps of knowledge left by the archival research will be addressed by conducting first hand surveys from a sample which will be designed to find relevant data to make the study more credible and informative. References Heinberg, Leslie J, and J K. Thompson.  Obesity in Youth: Causes, Consequences, and Cures. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2009. Print. Nakaya, Andrea C.  Obesity: Opposing Viewpoints. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Print. Wolin, Kathleen Y, and Jennifer M. Petrelli.  Obesity. Santa Barbara, Calif:

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Business Ethics - Essay Example the CEO’s statement, of giving the employees the liberty to choose whether or not they would like to wear the protective clothing are not ethical neither is it a right choice on moral grounds. There are numerous chemicals used on a daily basis and in some of the cases there is a high majority the use of the chemicals and the effects of the chemical in terms of immediate or even long term is not recognized. Being a CEO of a chemical company, it is essential and mandatory for them to consider the possible issues that will be faced by the employees in the company. a) Whether Overtime is hazardous to health and the working environment: Based on the utilitarian theory and ethical concepts, it is seen that overtime is not very beneficial for any employee especially not in a chemicals industry (Blum, 1993). The effects of the chemicals are very high in the normal eight hours job basically. So leaving it for the employees to choose on whether or not to work for higher number of hours is not ethical. It is not even a choice based on the moral grounds and it is necessary that the CEO take up the responsibility to make sure that the employees have a fixed number of hours of work every week. Being a leader for an industry the CEO is expected to be aware of the damages that the chemicals can cause the employees in the time they are exposed to the chemicals, hence it is necessary that the CEO on humanitarian grounds at least ensures that the employees are not permitted to work for higher hours. Also it is the responsibility of the top management to brin g in the rules and regulations in the company where the employees need to wear on the protective clothing during the shift hours and at all time while dealing with the chemicals. This should be the case not only for the harmful chemicals but for all chemicals irrespective of the degree of damage it could cause to the employee handling it (Blum, 1993). Although it has been clear from researches and studies that the amount of

Macbeth Motifs Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Motifs Essay When it comes down to it, humans are mammals, and there are some animalistic traits that every mammal shares. The story of Macbeth by Shakespeare includes a theme that is the epitome of a trait that all mammals share, weak versus strong. Through the use of metaphors including birds, the symbolism of Macbeth as an owl throughout the story, and the juxtaposition between birds, weak versus strong is represented by the motif of birds in Macbeth. Birds are incorporated into other literary elements that Shakespeare utilizes, showing the true depth of his writing. Metaphors allow the reader to paint a picture of written words referencing images that they are familiar with. Like any other animal, there is a hierarchy of strength and therefore power for birds. The metaphors that Shakespeare incorporates into Macbeth including birds allow the reader to reference their experience with strong birds fighting to create an image of what the humans in the story might have been fighting like. A captain describes how valiantly Macbeth fought in the battles in the beginning of the story, saying that he was â€Å"as sparrows eagles†, which paints a picture of a valiant and strong eagle fighting a small, meek sparrow (1.2.35-42). However, later in the story, when Macbeth’s position shifts and he is no longer perceived as a noble soldier but rather as a tyrannical ruler preying on those he controls, birds are used in a metaphor again to illustrate a changed image of Macbeth. â€Å"A falcon, tow’ring in her pride of place,† representing honor and innocence, â€Å"was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed,† illustrating an evil bird using its strength to overpower and kill an innocent bird (2.4.11-14).Sometimes, a reader does not glean the true meaning of an object in a story until after it has been illustrated throughout the entirety of the work of literature. Throughout the uses of birds in Macbeth, including the imagery and metaphors, a pattern occurs where a powerful owl is preying on weaker birds, and by the end of the story the reader comes to realize that the owl is a representation of Macbeth and the acts he is committing. The owl referenced during the murder of Duncan, is described as an â€Å"obscure bird† that â€Å"clamored the livelong night† as he â€Å"heard i’ th’ air, strange screams of death† (2.3.49-56). The owl in this scene is a symbol for Macbeth discovering what he is capable of, and what new powers he receives when he utilizes his newfound strength against others. One example of how he uses his recent strength was when he decided to have everyone in Macduff’s castle unnecessarily murdered. In this scene Lady Macduff is expressing her anger toward her husband, but also reveals characteristics of Macbeth when she states that her husband is not equal to â€Å"the most diminutive of birds,† which â€Å"will fight, her young ones in her nest, against the owl† (4.2.6-14). Macbeth being represented by the owl in this context depicts him as a villain that is so hungry for control that he will go to such extremes as to attack a weak, defenseless bird and it’s young. Sometimes it is equally as important to illustrate the weak side of a relationship as the strong side because then the contrast between the weak and the strong is magnified for the reader. In Macbeth, Shakespeare utilizes this juxtaposition to make the theme of strong versus weak even more apparent by inserting some descriptions of birds that appear weak to make the acts done by the stronger birds even more horrific. The day before Duncan’s murder where a powerful, evil owl was present, Banquo and Duncan comment on the sweet, innocent birds at Macbeth’s castle, â€Å"this guest of summer, the temple-haunting martlet, does approve†¦that the heaven’s breath smells wooingly here† this illustrates their vulnerability and unawareness to the upcoming strike by Macbeth, making his actions seem even worse. When Lady Macduff tells her son that â€Å"thou’dst never fear the net nor lime, the pitfall nor the gin,† he responds with a question of why he should because â€Å"poor birds they are not set for†, meaning that because he would be such a weak bird, hunters would have no want for him (4.2.36-37). Just after making this point, the defenseless son of Macduff is murdered by the king Macbeth, making the reader question what kind of tyrant Macbeth has come to be. The use of birds in Macbeth by Shakespeare is used to develop the theme of weak versus strong when they are used in metaphors, when Macbeth is represented by a bird throughout the story, and by the juxtaposition of the weak and strong birds. The acts committed by the characters aroused emotions in the audience because they were not so unrealistic that the audience could not relate to them, they represented the mammal in humans, the animal inside of all of us that we attempt to constrain. Birds are essential to create this unsettling feeling because their rustic, animal-like nature is no unlike the animalistic traits we try to hide, which allows the reader or audience to relate with the motif.

Windows NT Essay -- Computers Technology Operating System

Windows NT The history of Windows NT: The history of Windows NT goes back to the early 80's, when Microsoft was working on the original Windows system to run on top of DOS. They joined forces with IBM in order to create a more powerful DOS replacement that would run on the Intel x86 platform. The resulting operating system was to be known as OS/2. At the same time OS/2 was being developed, Microsoft was busy working on a new OS, more powerful than the Windows system they already had. This "New Technology" operating system would run on different processor platforms. They planned to accomplish this by writing most of the operating system in the C programming language, which is a language that is portable across platforms. In late October of 1988, Microsoft hired a man named David Cutler who was a respected operating systems guru from Digital Equipment Corporation, to help them design their new operating system. The original planned name was OS/2 NT because at the time, Microsoft was helping to develop OS/2 and was integrating parts of it into its new operating system (NT). After almost two years of work, the first bits of OS/2 NT ran on an Intel i860 processor. Around the same time, David Cutler projected to Bill Gates that NT would ship around March 1991, which turned out be more than two years off the mark. In early 1990, as teams dedicated to NT were formed within Microsoft, Bill Gates criticized NT for being "too big, and too slow" during a review. The decision was eventually made in early 1991 to base NT's "personality" on Microsoft's current Windows system, version 3.0, and not OS/2. In o... ... up retrieval. Windows NT utilizes SCSI disk drives to implement RAID. Increased Stability / Robustness over Windows 95/98 More attention was paid to the stability of Windows NT 4.0 when Microsoft was designing and coding it. It was essential that NT be very stable in order to be a viable alternative to UNIX as a desktop and server operating system. Windows 95 and 98 are notoriously unstable and not acceptable for very high performance hardware (multiple processors, Gigs of RAM), and high demand TCP/IP applications, such as that seen in high volume Internet servers. Blue screens of death are also few and far between compared to Windows 9x. So in summary, NT 4.0 is much more stable and reliable than Win9x due to how it was designed and due to its heritage, which is entirely different from Windows 9x.

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Essay

Leadership is a very important aspect within the realm of Nursing. With constantly evolving technology, poor economics leading to major hospital cutbacks, and healthcare reforms, strong nursing leadership has never been more important or necessary. Hood (2010) defines leadership as a process of influencing others to attain mutually agreed upon goals. We will discuss the differences between leadership and management. In addition, we will examine 2 types of leadership styles: Transactional and Transformational and address the effectiveness of both styles in achieving high quality of nursing performance. Leadership vs. Management Many people think of management and leadership as interchangeable. However, there is a stark difference between the two. In defining leadership and management, the one crucial difference is that a person with leadership has the ability to persuade/influence others into following their vision and putting the needs of a group ahead of an individual’s own personal needs (McGuire & Kinnerley, 2006). Leaders have this ability to inspire by employing enthusiasm, hope, optimism, and innovative methods. Leadership does entail having some management characteristics, but lacks the positional power to bring their visions to life. Management is usually an appointed position within a company (Hood, 2010). Performance standards for managers often require emphasis on transactional projects such as budgets, productivity, and quality monitoring (McGuire & Kinnerley, 2006). Management does not equate to having leadership abilities because an organization’s structure often dictates that a manager’s priority should be facilitating and promoting smooth operations within a workplace (Carney, 2009). Managers are troubleshooters and problem solvers, who are more or less interested in maintaining production and profits. Transformational Leadership In 1978, James McGregor Burn (1978) developed the theory of transformational leadership and described it, â€Å"A process that motivates subordinates by appealing to higher ideals and moral values†. A transformational leader is someone that helps shape development of staff through empowerment and stimulating creativity and innovation within the workplace (Sellgren, Ekvell, & Tomson, 2006). Under this style of leadership, relationships to employees and concern for their well-being is just as important as completing the tasks (Hood, 2010). The transformational leader often uses their enthusiasm, close underlying interpersonal relationships, and vision to increase the motivation of their peers/co-workers to stay persistent and diligent through completion of organizational goals and tasks. This type of leadership can be equally effective under the most stressful circumstances by keeping focus on employee satisfaction and promising the employee a better future (Allen, 1998). According to S. Sellgren et al. (2006), studies have shown a correlation between transformational leadership and nursing quality. Transformational leadership has been proven very effective in increasing productivity and staff cohesion. As a result of staff cohesion, consensus amongst staff evolves and develops. Consensus is effective because all persons feel that they have made a contribution in the decision-making process regarding unit practices/policies. And although it takes more time to reach a consensus, the participants have made a commitment to execute the decisions (Hood, 2010). Transactional Leadership Transactional leadership uses strategy that is founded on the principles of incentives and punishments (Hood, 2010). Motivation is thought to be derived from responses to positive and negative reinforcers. If employees or subordinates perform hard work and meet certain criteria or expectations, then they are rewarded with something of value (i.e. increased salary, bonuses, promotions, etc†¦). However, if they fail to meet goals or expectations, then they face some form of punishment (i.e. probation, demotion, termination). This type of leadership system is much more task oriented and focuses very little on employee relationships (Hood, 2010). A transactional leader is much more focused on structure, role expectations and the possibility of reward to staff (Sellgren, Ekvell, & Tomson, 2006). It seems however there are benefits to this type of system. According to B.M. Bass (1985),† The ultimate outcome of such contingent reward behavior is enhanced role clarity, job satisfaction, and improved performance†. This style of leadership appears to be most effective in occupations relating to sales and commissions. Commission based jobs that rely on strong job performances to either establish income or supplement salaried income respond effectively to this style of leadership. However, the disadvantage to this type of leadership is that commitment is variable and negotiable, and any personal incentive/motivation an employee may have to increase job performance diminishes until it’s rewarded (Sellgren, Ekvell, & Tomson, 2006). In addition, because this leadership style is so structured, it leaves little room for creative expansion or employee job satisfaction (McGuire & Kinnerley, 2006). Leadership Styles and Nursing Within healthcare settings, skill and knowledge are vital ingredients needed by a nurse in a leadership position. Because of the many medical advancements and changes that take place in healthcare, it necessitates that nursing leadership become more results oriented, creative, and innovative within their respected units (Gellis, 2001). Within nursing, transactional leadership would have few benefits if applied. It does benefit healthcare organizations in combating staffing issues relating to nursing shortages. Incentive pay to pick up extra shifts has always been instrumental for organizations in need of nursing coverage. However, the overall methods of rewards and punishment would do very little to inspire nurses to increase their quality of nursing care. Patient outcomes would be greatly compromised if care was solely based on reward. Compromising patient care based on lack of reward and/ punishment would be highly unethical and in complete violation of the ANA’s standards of care. Research has always supported that transformational leadership is more effective than transactional leadership because it increases a supportive climate where individual differences are recognized, two-way communication is promoted, and effective listening skills are valued (Bass, 1985). This leadership style also increases conformity, adaptation, diligence, and commitment from employees/followers. The need for transformational leadership in nursing is great because it encourages nurses to become improved problem-solvers, visionaries, communicators, researchers, and educators. Transformation leadership is often a process that is learned and cultivated through experience, empowerment, and self-exploration (Hood, 2010). However, when nurses are placed into leadership positions reluctantly or prematurely, the lack of education for the role and uncertainties about what leadership in nursing means takes place and leads to ineffective leadership abilities (Carney, 2009). Nurses receive informal on-the-job training for leadership positions by learning self-management skills, social capabilities, and job proficiency skills (Hood, 2010). It must be noted that shared leadership is probably the most effective way for providing staff the effective skills/ tools needed for problem solving (Kerfoot & Wantz, 2003). However, not all nurses have the self-belief or confidence to apply these acquired skills to leadership positions. One way of encouraging more nurses to assume leadership positions is by formalizing leadership training sessions which would help nurses learn and/ reinforce skills relating to communication, motivation, conflict resolution, organizational analysis, and building effective teams (Kerfoot & Wantz, 2003) . By investing in formalized leadership training, it helps to empower nurses while also promoting future growth of inspirational leadership which could lead to improvements in patient care/outcomes and organizational advancements for futu re generations. Conclusion There are two different styles of leadership: Transformational and Transactional. Transformational leadership influences followers to place their personal needs aside for the benefit of a leader’s vision/goals through empowerment, inspiration, and motivation. Transactional leadership is founded on the incentives of reward or punishment and offers little incentive to become a visionary. Transformational leadership appears to be more effective in nursing because it promotes adaptation, communication skills, visionary pursuit, and occupational growth to a rapidly changing industry. Efforts should be made to formalize leadership training for continued improvement in delivery of nursing care and patient outcomes, and organizational advancements. References Allen, G. (1998). Leading. Retrieved from http://ollie.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/book contents/4directing/leading/lead.htm Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation.. New York, NY: The Free Press. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row. Carney, M. (2009). Leadership in nursing: current and future perspectives and challenges. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(4), 411-417. Gellis, Z. D. (2001). Social wok perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership in healthcare. Social Work Research, 25(1), 17-25. Hood, L. J. (2010). Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Kerfoot, K., & Wantz, S. L. (January-February 2003). Compliance Leadership: The 17th Century Model That Doesn’t Work. Nursing Economics, 21(1), 42-44. McGuire, E., & Kinnerley, S. M. (July-August 2006). Nurse Managers as Transformational and Transactional Leaders. Nursing Economics, 24(4), 179-185. Sellgren, S., Ekvell, G., & Tomson, G. (2006). Leadership styles in nursing management: preferred and perceived. Journal of Nursing Management, 14(11), 348-355.